INTRODUCTION Multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate is crucial in detecting prostate cancer (CaP) and staging local disease. The Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PIRADS) scoring system is used to assess and classify lesions and enables communication between clinicians and radiologists. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of PIRADSv2 in detecting CaP using histopathology specimens within our local service. METHODS This retrospective study included 192 patients between September 2016 and May 2019. All had mpMRI prostate examinations prior to biopsy or prostatectomy. Lesions on MRI were assigned a PIRADS score and comparison made with histopathology results. Gleason score ?7 was considered as clinically significant prostate cancer (csCaP). We calculated accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for detecting all CaP and csCaP. RESULTS In the PIRADS 3 group, 32% were Gleason 6 and 32% were Gleason 7 lesions. In the PIRADS 4 group, 37% were Gleason 6 and 41% were Gleason ?7. For PIRADS 5 lesions, 32% were Gleason 6 and 68% were Gleason ?7. For all CaP, sensitivity was 84.7%, specificity 54.6%, PPV 82.3% and NPV 58.8%. For csCaP Gleason ?7, PIRADS cut-off ?3 had sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 95.7%, 39.3%, 47.5% and 94.1%, respectively, and cut-off ?4 had sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 84.3%, 53.3%, 50.9% and 85.5%. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms PIRADS has high accuracy, sensitivity and NPV for detecting all CaP and csCaP. A high NPV may obviate need for biopsy in low-risk patients. © 2020 The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists.INTRODUCTION Australia's first proton beam therapy (PBT) service, The Australian Bragg Centre for Proton Therapy and Research, is scheduled to open in the near future providing PBT for patients closer to home. Patients currently access Commonwealth funding for PBT via the Medicare Medical Treatment Overseas Program (MTOP). Proton versus photon treatment planning is a pre-requisite for the MTOP application. The Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH) Department of Radiation Oncology has been providing this since 2016. We aim to provide a descriptive overview of our proton versus photon treatment planning process, presenting a summary of the comparative planning results and the treatment pathways selected for the patients referred. METHODS All patients referred to the RAH for comparative planning between January 2016 and December 2018 were included in the analysis. Comparative plans were generated for each case using Pinnacle or Eclipse treatment planning systems. The planning techniques used and plan quality metrics were reported. RESULTS Forty three patients were referred for comparative planning. The age range was 1-63&nbsp;years, with the majority (72%) being paediatric patients (age ?18 years). Of the 19 cases that have been submitted to MTOP, 16 have been accepted and 3 denied. Two of the accepted cases chose not to travel abroad for PBT. The other 14 cases have received PBT overseas. CONCLUSIONS The RAH has provided an important service to demonstrate the dosimetric difference between PBT and photon therapy for Australian patients, an important step in supporting the funding of patients for treatment overseas. © 2020 The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists.BACKGROUND Understanding racial influences on human papillomavirus (HPV) distribution in women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) cytology via partial genotyping in a statewide population can inform HPV-based prevention efforts. METHODS Women aged 21 to 65&nbsp;years with any cytology result and partial HPV genotyping for ASCUS triage between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2017, were included. All women attended a Mississippi State Department of Health clinic. Age, race, cytopathologic, and HPV data were extracted from the electronic health record and analyzed. Cytologic specimens were processed with ThinPrep and HPV testing with the Cobas 4800 assay. HPV genotypes were evaluated in hierarchical categories. Chi-square tests and multinomial logistic regression models evaluated associations between race and type prevalence. RESULTS There were 43,106 women who underwent cervical cancer screening with cytology and ASCUS triage. Of these, 34,363 (80.2%) had normal cytology, 4672 (10.9%) had ASCUS, 2683 (6.3%) had a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and 633 (1.5%) had a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Blacks represented 69.3% of the sample and had a higher proportion of HPV-positive ASCUS (6.5%) in comparison with whites (5.6%). Blacks had significantly decreased odds of HPV-16 (odds ratio [OR], 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6-0.9; P&nbsp;=&nbsp;.002) and significantly increased odds for 12 other types (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.2-1.5; P&nbsp; less then &nbsp;.0001) in comparison with whites. CONCLUSIONS In a diverse population, significant differences in HPV genotypes are shown by race. Importantly, blacks with ASCUS are less likely to be positive for HPV-16 in comparison with whites. Ongoing work is evaluating the individual genotype prevalence and genotype-specific risk of precancer by race. © 2020 American Cancer Society.PURPOSE To investigate the long-term surgical outcomes of macular hole retinal detachment (MHRD) following vitrectomy with macular plug in highly myopic eyes. METHODS Thirty-five cases of highly myopic eyes with MHRD in 35 patients who underwent an initially successful vitrectomy with macular plug and were followed up for at least 3&nbsp;years were reviewed. The anatomical outcomes were evaluated by fundus examination, fundus photographs and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Myopic features after the surgery were differentiated according to recommendations of the Meta-analysis of Pathologic Myopia (META-PM) Study Group. The best-corrected visual acuities (BCVAs) before and after surgery were analysed as the functional outcome. Main outcome measures time-course changes in BCVA and complications. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/1-methylnicotinamide-chloride.html RESULTS The mean patient age was 61.0&nbsp;±&nbsp;11.4&nbsp;years. The follow-up was 45.2&nbsp;±&nbsp;8.6&nbsp;months (ranged from 36 to 71&nbsp;months). The mean axial length was 29.3&nbsp;±&nbsp;1.2&nbsp;mm. All eyes demonstrated attached retina, but 2 eyes (5.7%) developed reopened macular holes until the last follow-up.